Carrillo-Reid, L., Han, S., Yang, W., Akrouh, A., & Yuste, R. (2019). Controlling
Visually Guided Behavior by Holographic Recalling of Cortical Ensembles. Cell.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867419306166
Simultaneous two-photon calcium imaging and two-photon holographic
optogenetics.
Mouse primary visual cortex
Representations are highly-redundant ensembles (dynamical attractors).
Stimulation of just two ‘pattern completion’ neurons will sometimes recall entire ensemble,
trigger behavior.
“Our results demonstrate a causal role of neuronal ensembles in a visually guided
behavior and suggest that ensembles implement internal representations of perceptual states…
In this scenario, ensembles could be viewed as dynamical attractors that implement internal,
perceptual, or memory states (Hopfield, 1982), rather than mere sensory responses.”